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「非洲之角」开展疫苗接种行动 保护营养不良儿童免患病死亡的生死綫

2011-07-26

奈洛比/香港,2011年7月26日——联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)、肯尼亚衞生部及世界衞生组织本星期正式在北肯尼亚开展防疫注射行动,为达达阿比难民营周边社区的儿童接种疫苗。是次行动是预防灾区大规模爆发致命疾病重要的一步,预料可为202,665名5岁以下儿童,接种麻疹及小儿麻痺症疫苗,並为他们提供维他命A及驱虫药片,有效预防受灾儿童染上小儿麻痺症,及防止患有营养不良的儿童因感染麻疹而致命。

On 2 August, a community health worker vaccinates a child during the UNICEF-supported measles and polio immunization campaign under way in the Ifo refugee camp in North Eastern Province, near the Kenya-Somalia border. The camp for Somalia refugees is among three that comprise the Dadaab camps, located near the town of Dadaab in Garissa District. By 2 August 2011, the crisis in the Horn of Africa affecting primarily Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti continues, with a worsening drought, rising food prices and an ongoing conflict in Somalia. More than 12 million people are threatened by the regions worst drought in 60 years. Somalia faces one of the worlds most severe food security crises as it continues to endure an extended humanitarian emergency, with tens of thousands fleeing into Kenya and Ethiopia. More than 10,000 Somalis a week are now arriving in the Dadaab camps in north-eastern Kenya, where aid partners are struggling to meet the needs of 400,000 people. In drought-affected areas of Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti, some 500,000 severely malnourished children are at imminent risk of dying, while a further 1.6 million moderately malnourished children and the wider-affected population are at high risk of disease. In northern Kenya, more than 25 per cent of children suffer from global acute malnutrition. UNICEF, together with Governments, UN, NGO and community partners, is supporting a range of interventions and essential services, especially for the displaced and for refugees, including feeding programmes, immunization mass vaccination campaigns are now underway in drought-affected parts of Kenya and Somalia and other health outreach, as well as access to safe water and to improve sanitation. In Kenya, the Ministry of Health, UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) have reached 290,000 children with polio and measles vaccinations in refugee host communities near the Dadaab camps. UNICEF is providing the vaccines, as well as deworming tablets and vitamin A (to boost childrens immunity). A similar campaign is now under way to immunize children in the Dadaab camps. A joint United Nations appeal for humanitarian assistance for the region requires US$2.5 billion, less than half of which has been committed.

南索马里的防疫注射覆盖率只有26%,是全球比率最低的国家之一。UNICEF的救援队伍,上周四已在索马里首都摩加迪休开展有关行动,为当地8个地区及区内难民营的妇女及儿童进行疫苗接种,至今已接种疫苗的5岁以下儿童及妇女分別有有40,000名及46,000名。而在盖多,救援队伍亦正为当地6个地区预备麻疹疫苗、破伤风类毒素疫苗、维他命A及驱虫药片,预计将有55,000名5岁以下儿童及72,580名育龄妇女受惠。只要交通能够确保畅顺,UNICEF将与世界衞生组织合作,进一步将行动迅速扩展至加勒加度、大贝纳迪尔、拜洲、巴科勒、希兰、下谢贝利及朱巴,为各区合共250万名15岁以下受灾儿童全面接种麻疹疫苗。
至于,在索马里南部及中部,包括:摩加迪休、阿夫戈耶、拜多阿及下谢贝利等地,就已发现零星的麻疹及急性水泻个案。为防止疫症爆发,我们必需尽快接触到所有儿童,包括较年长的儿童,为他们进行防疫注射。然而,由于大批受灾的妇女及儿童正逃往邻近国家,即使仍然留在国内的亦无家可归,令这项工作变得难上加难。即使任务有多艰鉅,联合国儿童基金会派驻当地的前綫人员亦正倾尽全力,为大批灾民提供防疫注射等服务。

「这是一次关乎儿童生死存亡的严重危机。」联合国儿童基金会东南非地区主任Elhadj As Sy先生指出:「很多时,儿童死亡並不只是因为饥饿,营养不良导致他们罹患各种疾病反而是最大的原因。因此,如果灾区的营养不良率再不下降的话,儿童的性命就岌岌可危了。」

据此,各组织将进一步扩大北肯尼亚的防疫注射行动,预计至本周五(7月29日)行动将可扩展至加里萨、Fafi、Lagdera及南瓦吉尔,並于8月为达达阿比难民营提供服务。UNICEF已准备好足够的麻疹与小儿麻痺症疫苗、维他命以及驱虫药片应付需求,並会支援社区的宣传及教育工作,帮助当地居民认识防疫注射的重要性。

On 29 July, a child receives a dose of oral polio vaccine during the UNICEF-supported measles and polio immunization campaign under way in the Ifo refugee camp in North Eastern Province, near the Kenya-Somalia border. The camp for Somalia refugees is among three that comprise the Dadaab camps, located near the town of Dadaab in Garissa District. By 2 August 2011, the crisis in the Horn of Africa affecting primarily Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti continues, with a worsening drought, rising food prices and an ongoing conflict in Somalia. More than 12 million people are threatened by the regions worst drought in 60 years. Somalia faces one of the worlds most severe food security crises as it continues to endure an extended humanitarian emergency, with tens of thousands fleeing into Kenya and Ethiopia. More than 10,000 Somalis a week are now arriving in the Dadaab camps in north-eastern Kenya, where aid partners are struggling to meet the needs of 400,000 people. In drought-affected areas of Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti, some 500,000 severely malnourished children are at imminent risk of dying, while a further 1.6 million moderately malnourished children and the wider-affected population are at high risk of disease. In northern Kenya, more than 25 per cent of children suffer from global acute malnutrition. UNICEF, together with Governments, UN, NGO and community partners, is supporting a range of interventions and essential services, especially for the displaced and for refugees, including feeding programmes, immunization mass vaccination campaigns are now underway in drought-affected parts of Kenya and Somalia and other health outreach, as well as access to safe water and to improve sanitation. In Kenya, the Ministry of Health, UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) have reached 290,000 children with polio and measles vaccinations in refugee host communities near the Dadaab camps. UNICEF is providing the vaccines, as well as deworming tablets and vitamin A (to boost childrens immunity). A similar campaign is now under way to immunize children in the Dadaab camps. A joint United Nations appeal for humanitarian assistance for the region requires US$2.5 billion, less than half of which has been committed.

麻疹是一种高传染性的疾病,在过于拥挤和衞生情况恶劣的环境下,极易迅速扩散,威胁营养不良儿童的生命。麻疹大大降低儿童的抵抗力,令他们很容易在营养不良或患上其他疾病的情况下,因感染致命疾病而死亡。尤其在灾难中,不少儿童会都会患上维他命A缺乏症,相比正常人,他们患上麻疹、疟疾或腹泻的机会率足高出25%。因此,给受灾儿童服用维他命A,能有效提高他们在恶劣环境下生存的机会。

UNICEF预计未来半年所需的救援资金,将达到港币23.4亿元(3亿美元),以为整个索马里南部灾区的儿童提供紧急救援及采取预防措施。我们将重点进行预防工作,为儿童提供医疗以及疫苗接种服务,以确保他们的生存与发展。