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世界水日:全球最贫困人口,最难获得安全饮用水

2014-03-21

全球每天有1,400名5岁以下儿童因缺乏安全食水、环境及个人衞生设施而死亡
纽约/香港2014年3月21日 ——联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)在「世界水日」表示,虽然全球安全食水情况在约4年前已达到「千禧发展目标」(MDG),而联合国大会亦宣佈水是人权之一,但现时全球仍有超过7.5亿人无法取得这项生活基本及必需品,当中大多是贫穷户。
On 26 November, children – bearing jerrycans and other containers – collect water from Lake Kivu, in the city of Goma, in the province of North Kivu. Access to safe water is limited because electrical lines have been cut, reducing water pumping and chlorination. By late November 2012 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, children and women continued to suffer from resurgent conflict between government forces and rebel groups. After a three-month ceasefire, violence erupted on 15 November in and around the city of Goma, in the province of North Kivu, following advances by the 23 March Movement (M23) rebel group. Security is still critical. The latest crisis affected at least 70,000 children, of whom over 670 are unaccompanied or have been separated from their families. In Goma and surrounding areas, an estimated 130,000 people have been displaced; they are among over 900,000 displaced in the province. Recruitment of children into armed groups, lootings, and summary executions have also been reported. Gender-based violence, including rape and sexual assault, which has been endemic to this conflict for more than a decade, continues. Additionally, hundreds of schools have been looted or damaged since September. UNICEF, in coordination with other partners, supports ongoing relief efforts in the areas of water, sanitation and hygiene, education, child protection, health and nutrition and the provision of critical non-food items and shelter. To meet the immediate and medium-term needs of affected children and women over the next three months, UNICEF has requested an initial US$13.8 million, of which over 55 per cent had been received by 5 December.
© UNICEF/NYHQ2012-1615/Holt
2012年11月26日 —— 在刚果民主共和国基伍省北部的戈马湖,儿童正用水桶及各种器皿获取食水。
据UNICEF及世界衞生组织(WHO)在2013年发表的数据,全球约有7.68亿人无法取得安全饮用水,更因而令每年数十万名儿童患病,甚至死亡。大部分无法取得食水的,都是住在偏远、贫困农村或城市贫民窟的人民。
UNICEF估计,全球每天有1,400名5岁以下儿童因缺乏安全食水、足够的环境及个人衞生设施而死于腹泻。
「每一名儿童,不论贫富,都应享有生存、健康成长以及拥抱将来的权利。」UNICEF全球食水、环境及个人衞生项目负责人桑杰.韦杰塞克若(Sanjay Wijesekera)表示:「在所有人享有食水及衞生设施等权利前,我们的工作都不会停止。」
在2010年,全球已达成並超越了有关饮用水的「千禧发展目标」,89%人透过自来水、钻水並加设水泵,或一些受保护的水井等水源取得安全的饮用水。同年,联合国大会宣佈安全饮用水及衞生设施是一项人权,即每一个人都应获得安全食水和基本衞生设施。然而,全球最贫困的一群仍无法享受这项基本人权。
「情况依然令人震惊。在中等收入的国家,仍有数百万贫民缺乏安全饮用水。」韦杰塞克若续说,「我们必须关注被边缘化及经常被遗忘的一群:那些最难接触、最贫困,以及最弱势的人口。」
据UNICEF和WHO估计,全球近2/3人无法取得经改善的饮用水源,他们主要集中在10个国家,包括:中国(1.08亿)、印度(9,900万)、尼日利亚(6,300万)、埃塞俄比亚(4,300万)、印尼(3,900万)、刚果民主共和国(3,700万)、孟加拉国(2,600万)、坦桑尼亚联合共和国(2,200万)、肯尼亚(1,600万)、巴基斯坦(1,600万)。
UNICEF指出,安全饮用水的匮乏最影响妇女及女童。她们背负71%取水的重担。
UNICEF正在100多个国家展开食水、环境及个人衞生项目,包括符合成本效益的掘井项目、崭新的倡议活动,例如社区为本的安全食水计划,以让活在最偏远地区的家庭,都能饮用到安全食水。如在巴基斯坦,UNICEF自2012年透过人手钻井,让近10万人取得安全食水。UNICEF支持的「校内食水、环境及个人衞生」项目亦已为全球数百万名学童提供了安全食水、环境和个人衞生设施。
本周,UNICEF发起了一项全球社交媒体运动,号召大众支持缺乏安全饮用水的7.68亿人。Facebook、Twitter及Instagram用户被邀请参与「水是什么?」的讨论,並透过摄影及#WaterIs的标签,提升大众对缺乏安全食水的关注。