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在黎巴嫩,「过冬计划」援助面临恶劣天气的叙利亚难民

2012-12-21

黎巴嫩贝卡谷地/香港,2012年12月21日──在贝卡谷地的一个小村庄达尔海米(Dalhamieh),大批叙利亚难民正涌入非正式营地,临时搭建的帐篷每天以倍数增加。截至12月19日,这个非正式营地已经为698名难民提供庇护,其中有86名是两岁以下的儿童。

在此营地生活的难民,更确切地形容的话,在此「求生」的难民,几乎都是身无长物。他们从黎巴嫩边境穿越到此。随着冬季来临,这里的温度往往降至摄氏0度以下,並时常下雪。

前天,倾盆大雨浇透了帐篷,让难民原本艰难的生活环境雪上加霜。这些棚屋由硬纸板、塑胶和石头临时搭建而成,根本无法抵御寒冬。儿童要在鞋子外面套上塑胶袋,以防泥泞弄髒鞋子。

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面对极端天气

截至2012年12月19日,联合国难民署估计超过16.3万人正在黎巴嫩,登记或等待登记成为叙利亚难民。

然而,相信实际数字远高于此,因为许多叙利亚人基于人身安全或其他原因,未有登记。黎巴嫩已成为该地区中,接收叙利亚难民人数最多的国家之一。

约3.5万名0至14岁流离失所的叙利亚儿童,现正位处黎巴嫩北部和贝卡地区,这些地区都正面临极端的寒冬。上周,约270名在黎巴嫩避难的叙利亚难民急需入院救治,突显了身处在叙利亚的难民家庭活于绝对之中,生活条件有多危险。随着寒冬迫近,联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)的首要任务就是帮助这些儿童保暖,保障他们的的安全和健康。

权宜之计

自2012年9月起,12岁的亚海亚(Yahya)*和他的家人在这所营地寻求庇护。亚海亚一家沒有毯子,亦沒有钱买木柴,只能依靠起初搭建的烟囱,烧一些在垃圾堆或路上捡到的塑胶抵御寒冷。

亚海亚说:「我们沒有东西可用来取暖。大家都要取暖,但都沒有办法。我们只需要毯子保暖,但我们连一条毯子都沒有。」亚海亚现在还穿着刚抵达黎巴嫩时穿的衣服,但根本不足以抵御寒冷的天气和雨水。

哈南(Hanan)和她的家人缺少基本的个人及环境衞生设施。厕所是基本设施,但她们的「厕所」,通常只是在地上挖一个坑。

丽娜(Lina)家的「厕所」溢出粪便,令周围变成了一个污水沟。她表示:「都氾滥了!下雨的时候,雨水流进厕所,夹杂着粪便涌了出来。所以我们不得不另挖一个坑。我们还能做些什么呢?」

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面临生病的风险

厕所「氾滥」,令细菌肆意传播,再加上无法保持适当的个人及环境衞生,令营地的水媒疾病如肝炎和霍乱的传染风险都相当高。

在贝卡谷地内一个名为亚道斯(Adous)的偏远小村庄,一名黎巴嫩居民阿布德.穆斯塔法(Abood Mustafa)表示入院人数不断上升,恐怕冬季的入院人数会只增不减。他说:「我们尽力帮忙,砍伐了一些树木。我们正在想办法解决问题……但是仍有许多人沒有水箱、滤水器、毯子或床褥。他们穿越边境进入黎巴嫩时,基本上是一无所有。」

帮助有风险的家庭

UNICEF及其合作伙伴正在黎巴嫩推行一项「过冬计划」,为阿卡尔(Akkar)、黎巴嫩北部和贝卡谷地的难民提供保暖衣物。UNICEF已开始为叙利亚难民儿童提供冬季衣服。组织正援助3万名儿童,其中一半儿童收到的保暖衣物套装,内有鞋、袜子、裤子、外套、帽子、手套和紧身衣,另一半儿童收到在附近市场购买服装的现金代用券。

叙利亚难民还将收到毯子、塑胶薄膜、家庭衞生箱和婴儿用品箱。有关人员正计划分发药品和营养用品。

据UNICEF驻黎巴嫩的供应和物流专员奥利维尔.穆莱特(Olivier Mulet)表示,难民身处的情况每天都在恶化,因此时间十分紧迫,他说:「我们检视了当地市场的需要,决定发放现金代用券,因为这种方法收效非常快。」

On 15 January, a girl (whose face was painted during a child-friendly activity) unpacks items from a box during a winter clothing distribution for Syrian refugee children, at the offices of a UNICEF partner NGO in the town of Baalbek in the eastern Bekaa Valley, near the Syrian border. On 14–15 January 2013 in Lebanon, UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Mia Farrow met with Syrian refugees in the northern Wadi Khaled region and the Bekaa Valley. As part of her mission, she also appealed for increased international support to respond to the escalating crisis. Inside Syria, some 4 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, including 1.8 million children. Over 623,000 Syrians have fled the violence, seeking refuge in neighbouring Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey, and as far away as Egypt. Lebanon is currently hosting the largest number of refugees, with over 200,000 people – approximately half of whom are children – registered or awaiting registration with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR). Worsening winter conditions are exacerbating the struggles of refugee children and their families; most live in makeshift shelters and tents or with host families who are already among the poorest in the country. UNICEF and partners are supporting the ongoing provision of winter supplies through: the implementation of a voucher system to enable families to purchase these supplies; the preparation of 11,000 winter clothing kits for distribution, with an additional 4,000 forthcoming; and the distribution of 9,000 plastic sheets and 10,000 blankets to partners. In total, UNICEF aims to reach 33,000 children with non-food items related to winter. Ms. Farrow spoke with refugees and host families and visited UNICEF-supported child-friendly spaces; these spaces provide psychosocial assistance, including counselling, for children traumatized by their experiences in relation to the conflict. UNICEF also supports initiatives in health, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene, education and child protection – responses that cover host families as well. Working with diverse governments, other United Nations organizations and local and international NGOs, UNICEF has appealed for a total of approximately US $200 million to cover response to the crisis within Syria and all host countries in the first six months of this year.
许多叙利亚难民儿童不知所措,因为他们从来不曾想像自己会陷入如此境地。10岁大的萨米尔(Samir)说:「我们因暴力冲突逃离叙利亚,当时几乎一无所有。我们沒有时间收拾行李,有些人家的房子被炸,更是损失惨重。而且我们逃离时天气非常暖和,沒有人想到要多带些衣服准备长期逃难。」

*为保护儿童身份,文中人名均为化名。

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Both bundled in winter clothing, a girl holds an infant, in Za’atari, a camp for Syrian refugees on the outskirts of Mafraq, capital of the northern Mafraq Governorate. The camp is currently hosting 66,394 people. On 20 December 2012 in Jordan, worsening winter conditions continue to threaten Syrian refugee children and their families. To date, 106,724 refugees from Syria’s still escalating war have registered in Jordan with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees; an additional 41,868 are awaiting registration. Syrians have also fled to neighbouring Iraq, Lebanon and Turkey, and as far away as Egypt, inging the total number of registered refugees to 450,191. Inside Syria, some 2.5 million people have been affected by the conflict, of which 1.1 million are children. In Jordan, where the number of refugees continues to increase, UNICEF and partners are supporting the ongoing provision of winter supplies. In the Za’atari camp as well as in the King Abdullah Park and Cyber City transit sites for refugees, some 3,000 winter clothing kits for infants under age 1 are being distributed. Over 3,100 additional kits are also being procured for new arrivals during the winter. Additional support includes the ongoing installation of gas boilers to provide hot water in Za’atari’s 90 existing water, sanitation and hygiene units and the construction of 192 fully winterized units in new areas of the camp. UNICEF also supports initiatives in health, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene, education and child protection, including the provision of child-friendly spaces and psychosocial assistance for children traumatized by their experiences in relation to the conflict. Working with diverse governments, other United Nations organizations and local and international NGOs, UNICEF continues to respond to the needs of affected children in all host countries and inside Syria. To continue these responses over the first six months of 2013, UNICEF requires US$180 million.
A boy stands, bundled in winter clothing, in Za’atari, a camp for Syrian refugees on the outskirts of Mafraq, capital of the northern Mafraq Governorate. The camp is currently hosting 66,394 people. On 20 December 2012 in Jordan, worsening winter conditions continue to threaten Syrian refugee children and their families. To date, 106,724 refugees from Syria’s still escalating war have registered in Jordan with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees; an additional 41,868 are awaiting registration. Syrians have also fled to neighbouring Iraq, Lebanon and Turkey, and as far away as Egypt, inging the total number of registered refugees to 450,191. Inside Syria, some 2.5 million people have been affected by the conflict, of which 1.1 million are children. In Jordan, where the number of refugees continues to increase, UNICEF and partners are supporting the ongoing provision of winter supplies. In the Za’atari camp as well as in the King Abdullah Park and Cyber City transit sites for refugees, some 3,000 winter clothing kits for infants under age 1 are being distributed. Over 3,100 additional kits are also being procured for new arrivals during the winter. Additional support includes the ongoing installation of gas boilers to provide hot water in Za’atari’s 90 existing water, sanitation and hygiene units and the construction of 192 fully winterized units in new areas of the camp. UNICEF also supports initiatives in health, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene, education and child protection, including the provision of child-friendly spaces and psychosocial assistance for children traumatized by their experiences in relation to the conflict. Working with diverse governments, other United Nations organizations and local and international NGOs, UNICEF continues to respond to the needs of affected children in all host countries and inside Syria. To continue these responses over the first six months of 2013, UNICEF requires US$180 million.
An infant sleeps under a blanket in a baby-friendly hospital in the port city of Latakia in the western Latakia Governorate. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), a global campaign led by the World Health Organization and UNICEF and endorsed by world leaders and health experts, encourages hospitals and health workers to support mothers' efforts to eastfeed. In April 2006, the Syrian Arab Republic has made considerable progress towards improving the situation of children and women and is on track to achieve almost all Millennium Development Goals. The country has high immunization coverage rates; infant, under-five and maternal mortality rates have declined; overall primary-school enrolment rates are above 90 per cent; and HIV/AIDS prevalence is low. Nevertheless challenges remain, including for refugees, children with disabilities and children in conflict with the law. Due to long working hours, tens of thousands of children nationwide are not in school. Gender and geographic disparities persist, including in education, and are wider in the five northern and north-eastern governorates, home to half of Syria's 18.6 million inhabitants. Political instability in the region, high unemployment and other economic factors also affect the country's overall development. UNICEF supports health, education, water and sanitation and child protection initiatives, HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention programmes for adolescents and young people, and educational projects for children with special needs. UNICEF is also supporting policy and legislative initiatives to protect and promote children's rights.
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