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在黎巴嫩,「過冬計劃」援助面臨惡劣天氣的敘利亞難民

2012-12-21

黎巴嫩貝卡谷地/香港,2012年12月21日──在貝卡谷地的一個小村莊達爾海米(Dalhamieh),大批敘利亞難民正湧入非正式營地,臨時搭建的帳篷每天以倍數增加。截至12月19日,這個非正式營地已經為698名難民提供庇護,其中有86名是兩歲以下的兒童。

在此營地生活的難民,更確切地形容的話,在此「求生」的難民,幾乎都是身無長物。他們從黎巴嫩邊境穿越到此。隨着冬季來臨,這裡的溫度往往降至攝氏0度以下,並時常下雪。

前天,傾盆大雨澆透了帳篷,讓難民原本艱難的生活環境雪上加霜。這些棚屋由硬紙板、塑膠和石頭臨時搭建而成,根本無法抵禦寒冬。兒童要在鞋子外面套上塑膠袋,以防泥濘弄髒鞋子。

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面對極端天氣

截至2012年12月19日,聯合國難民署估計超過16.3萬人正在黎巴嫩,登記或等待登記成為敘利亞難民。

然而,相信實際數字遠高於此,因為許多敘利亞人基於人身安全或其他原因,未有登記。黎巴嫩已成為該地區中,接收敘利亞難民人數最多的國家之一。

約3.5萬名0至14歲流離失所的敘利亞兒童,現正位處黎巴嫩北部和貝卡地區,這些地區都正面臨極端的寒冬。上周,約270名在黎巴嫩避難的敘利亞難民急需入院救治,突顯了身處在敘利亞的難民家庭活於絕對之中,生活條件有多危險。隨着寒冬迫近,聯合國兒童基金會(UNICEF)的首要任務就是幫助這些兒童保暖,保障他們的的安全和健康。

權宜之計

自2012年9月起,12歲的亞海亞(Yahya)*和他的家人在這所營地尋求庇護。亞海亞一家沒有毯子,亦沒有錢買木柴,只能依靠起初搭建的煙囪,燒一些在垃圾堆或路上撿到的塑膠抵禦寒冷。

亞海亞說:「我們沒有東西可用來取暖。大家都要取暖,但都沒有辦法。我們只需要毯子保暖,但我們連一條毯子都沒有。」亞海亞現在還穿着剛抵達黎巴嫩時穿的衣服,但根本不足以抵禦寒冷的天氣和雨水。

哈南(Hanan)和她的家人缺少基本的個人及環境衞生設施。廁所是基本設施,但她們的「廁所」,通常只是在地上挖一個坑。

麗娜(Lina)家的「廁所」溢出糞便,令周圍變成了一個污水溝。她表示:「都氾濫了!下雨的時候,雨水流進廁所,夾雜着糞便湧了出來。所以我們不得不另挖一個坑。我們還能做些什麼呢?」

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面臨生病的風險

廁所「氾濫」,令細菌肆意傳播,再加上無法保持適當的個人及環境衞生,令營地的水媒疾病如肝炎和霍亂的傳染風險都相當高。

在貝卡谷地內一個名為亞道斯(Adous)的偏遠小村莊,一名黎巴嫩居民阿布德.穆斯塔法(Abood Mustafa)表示入院人數不斷上升,恐怕冬季的入院人數會只增不減。他說:「我們盡力幫忙,砍伐了一些樹木。我們正在想辦法解決問題……但是仍有許多人沒有水箱、濾水器、毯子或床褥。他們穿越邊境進入黎巴嫩時,基本上是一無所有。」

幫助有風險的家庭

UNICEF及其合作伙伴正在黎巴嫩推行一項「過冬計劃」,為阿卡爾(Akkar)、黎巴嫩北部和貝卡谷地的難民提供保暖衣物。UNICEF已開始為敘利亞難民兒童提供冬季衣服。組織正援助3萬名兒童,其中一半兒童收到的保暖衣物套裝,內有鞋、襪子、褲子、外套、帽子、手套和緊身衣,另一半兒童收到在附近市場購買服裝的現金代用券。

敘利亞難民還將收到毯子、塑膠薄膜、家庭衞生箱和嬰兒用品箱。有關人員正計劃分發藥品和營養用品。

據UNICEF駐黎巴嫩的供應和物流專員奧利維爾.穆萊特(Olivier Mulet)表示,難民身處的情況每天都在惡化,因此時間十分緊迫,他說:「我們檢視了當地市場的需要,決定發放現金代用券,因為這種方法收效非常快。」

On 15 January, a girl (whose face was painted during a child-friendly activity) unpacks items from a box during a winter clothing distribution for Syrian refugee children, at the offices of a UNICEF partner NGO in the town of Baalbek in the eastern Bekaa Valley, near the Syrian border. On 14–15 January 2013 in Lebanon, UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Mia Farrow met with Syrian refugees in the northern Wadi Khaled region and the Bekaa Valley. As part of her mission, she also appealed for increased international support to respond to the escalating crisis. Inside Syria, some 4 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, including 1.8 million children. Over 623,000 Syrians have fled the violence, seeking refuge in neighbouring Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey, and as far away as Egypt. Lebanon is currently hosting the largest number of refugees, with over 200,000 people – approximately half of whom are children – registered or awaiting registration with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR). Worsening winter conditions are exacerbating the struggles of refugee children and their families; most live in makeshift shelters and tents or with host families who are already among the poorest in the country. UNICEF and partners are supporting the ongoing provision of winter supplies through: the implementation of a voucher system to enable families to purchase these supplies; the preparation of 11,000 winter clothing kits for distribution, with an additional 4,000 forthcoming; and the distribution of 9,000 plastic sheets and 10,000 blankets to partners. In total, UNICEF aims to reach 33,000 children with non-food items related to winter. Ms. Farrow spoke with refugees and host families and visited UNICEF-supported child-friendly spaces; these spaces provide psychosocial assistance, including counselling, for children traumatized by their experiences in relation to the conflict. UNICEF also supports initiatives in health, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene, education and child protection – responses that cover host families as well. Working with diverse governments, other United Nations organizations and local and international NGOs, UNICEF has appealed for a total of approximately US $200 million to cover response to the crisis within Syria and all host countries in the first six months of this year.
許多敘利亞難民兒童不知所措,因為他們從來不曾想像自己會陷入如此境地。10歲大的薩米爾(Samir)說:「我們因暴力衝突逃離敘利亞,當時幾乎一無所有。我們沒有時間收拾行李,有些人家的房子被炸,更是損失慘重。而且我們逃離時天氣非常暖和,沒有人想到要多帶些衣服準備長期逃難。」

*為保護兒童身份,文中人名均為化名。

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Both bundled in winter clothing, a girl holds an infant, in Za’atari, a camp for Syrian refugees on the outskirts of Mafraq, capital of the northern Mafraq Governorate. The camp is currently hosting 66,394 people. On 20 December 2012 in Jordan, worsening winter conditions continue to threaten Syrian refugee children and their families. To date, 106,724 refugees from Syria’s still escalating war have registered in Jordan with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees; an additional 41,868 are awaiting registration. Syrians have also fled to neighbouring Iraq, Lebanon and Turkey, and as far away as Egypt, inging the total number of registered refugees to 450,191. Inside Syria, some 2.5 million people have been affected by the conflict, of which 1.1 million are children. In Jordan, where the number of refugees continues to increase, UNICEF and partners are supporting the ongoing provision of winter supplies. In the Za’atari camp as well as in the King Abdullah Park and Cyber City transit sites for refugees, some 3,000 winter clothing kits for infants under age 1 are being distributed. Over 3,100 additional kits are also being procured for new arrivals during the winter. Additional support includes the ongoing installation of gas boilers to provide hot water in Za’atari’s 90 existing water, sanitation and hygiene units and the construction of 192 fully winterized units in new areas of the camp. UNICEF also supports initiatives in health, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene, education and child protection, including the provision of child-friendly spaces and psychosocial assistance for children traumatized by their experiences in relation to the conflict. Working with diverse governments, other United Nations organizations and local and international NGOs, UNICEF continues to respond to the needs of affected children in all host countries and inside Syria. To continue these responses over the first six months of 2013, UNICEF requires US$180 million.
A boy stands, bundled in winter clothing, in Za’atari, a camp for Syrian refugees on the outskirts of Mafraq, capital of the northern Mafraq Governorate. The camp is currently hosting 66,394 people. On 20 December 2012 in Jordan, worsening winter conditions continue to threaten Syrian refugee children and their families. To date, 106,724 refugees from Syria’s still escalating war have registered in Jordan with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees; an additional 41,868 are awaiting registration. Syrians have also fled to neighbouring Iraq, Lebanon and Turkey, and as far away as Egypt, inging the total number of registered refugees to 450,191. Inside Syria, some 2.5 million people have been affected by the conflict, of which 1.1 million are children. In Jordan, where the number of refugees continues to increase, UNICEF and partners are supporting the ongoing provision of winter supplies. In the Za’atari camp as well as in the King Abdullah Park and Cyber City transit sites for refugees, some 3,000 winter clothing kits for infants under age 1 are being distributed. Over 3,100 additional kits are also being procured for new arrivals during the winter. Additional support includes the ongoing installation of gas boilers to provide hot water in Za’atari’s 90 existing water, sanitation and hygiene units and the construction of 192 fully winterized units in new areas of the camp. UNICEF also supports initiatives in health, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene, education and child protection, including the provision of child-friendly spaces and psychosocial assistance for children traumatized by their experiences in relation to the conflict. Working with diverse governments, other United Nations organizations and local and international NGOs, UNICEF continues to respond to the needs of affected children in all host countries and inside Syria. To continue these responses over the first six months of 2013, UNICEF requires US$180 million.
An infant sleeps under a blanket in a baby-friendly hospital in the port city of Latakia in the western Latakia Governorate. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), a global campaign led by the World Health Organization and UNICEF and endorsed by world leaders and health experts, encourages hospitals and health workers to support mothers' efforts to eastfeed. In April 2006, the Syrian Arab Republic has made considerable progress towards improving the situation of children and women and is on track to achieve almost all Millennium Development Goals. The country has high immunization coverage rates; infant, under-five and maternal mortality rates have declined; overall primary-school enrolment rates are above 90 per cent; and HIV/AIDS prevalence is low. Nevertheless challenges remain, including for refugees, children with disabilities and children in conflict with the law. Due to long working hours, tens of thousands of children nationwide are not in school. Gender and geographic disparities persist, including in education, and are wider in the five northern and north-eastern governorates, home to half of Syria's 18.6 million inhabitants. Political instability in the region, high unemployment and other economic factors also affect the country's overall development. UNICEF supports health, education, water and sanitation and child protection initiatives, HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention programmes for adolescents and young people, and educational projects for children with special needs. UNICEF is also supporting policy and legislative initiatives to protect and promote children's rights.
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