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Children’s lives at stake as El Niño strengthens: UNICEF

2015-11-10

(Foreground) a child and an elderly man stand on the roof of a dwelling damaged Cyclone Pam, on Ifira Island, just off the coast of the main island of Efate. On 25 March 2015 in Vanuatu, 166,000 people remain affected following the destruction caused by Tropical Cyclone Pam, which hit the South Pacific island nation on 13 March. Nearly 60,000 of them are children. The Category 5 storm damaged infrastructure and disrupted key services, putting childrens health, safety and education at risk. Power, water supply and other critical infrastructure have been affected across the archipelago, including in Port Vila, the capital, on Efate Island. Health and other vital services in many areas have also been disrupted, including access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities, leading to increased risk of water- and vector-borne diseases. Many homes and schools have also been damaged or destroyed. At least 70,000 school-aged children are out of school; and early childhood centres, schools, churches and community halls are serving as evacuation centres and as emergency shelters. Working with the Government and partners, including other United Nations organizations, UNICEF is supporting water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), health, education, nutrition, protection and other critical services in affected communities. UNICEF, with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health, is also coordinating a measles-rubella prevention campaign in the country where immunization rates are low, and which experienced a measles outeak in early March. UNICEF is also supporting communities on Tuvalu and Solomon Island, which have also been affected by Tropical Cyclone Pam.

A child and an elderly man stand on the roof of a building damaged when Cyclone Pam hit Vanuatu in March 2015.

NEW YORK/GENEVA/ HONG KONG, 10 November 2015 – An estimated 11 million children are at risk from hunger, disease and lack of water in eastern and southern Africa as a result of a strengthening El Niño, which is also causing droughts and floods in parts of Asia, the Pacific and Latin America, UNICEF warned on Tuesday.

The consequences could ripple through generations unless affected communities receive support amid crop failures and lack of access to drinking water that are leaving children malnourished and at risk of killer diseases, UNICEF said in report called A Wake Up Call: El Niño's Impact on Children.

Besides the immediate risks of death and injury, El Niño can lead to significant increases in diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, diarrhoea and cholera – which are major killers of children. When extreme weather deprives communities of their livelihoods, young children often suffer from undernutrition, which puts them at greater risk for illness, delayed mental development and premature death.

“Children and their communities need our help to recover from the impact of El Niño and to prepare for the further damage it could unleash,” said UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake. “At the same time, its intensity and potential destructiveness should be a wake-up call as world leaders gather in Paris. As they debate an agreement on limiting global warming, they should recall that the future of today’s children and of planet they will inherit is at stake.”

World leaders will gather in Paris for the 21st United Nations Climate Conference, also known as COP21, from 30 November to 11 December. The goal is to reach a universal, binding agreement aimed at limiting global warming by cutting greenhouse emissions.

El Niños are not caused by climate change, but scientists believe they are becoming more intense as a result of climate change. Many of the countries now experiencing El Niño are those that face the gravest threat from climate change. Many of the areas affected also have high poverty levels.

The weather phenomenon, among the strongest on record, is likely to cause more floods and droughts, fuel Pacific typhoons and cyclones and affect more areas if it continues strengthening as forecast over the coming months.

Some of the countries most affected by El Niño include:

- Somalia: More than 3 million people are in need of support amid crop failures and food shortages, with severe flooding anticipated to exacerbate the situation.

- Ethiopia: The country is experiencing its worst drought in 30 years, leaving 8.2 million people food insecure and 350,000 children in need of nutrition support.

- Indonesia: El Niño has also exacerbated the impact of peat and forest fires. In August and September alone, haze caused 272,000 people to suffer from acute respiratory infections – which particularly affect children.

- Pacific nations: El Niño threatens to leave more than 4 million people without food or drinking water.

- Central America: The drought caused by El Niño is one of the most severe on record, with some 3.5 million people affected in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.

- Peru: An estimated 1.1 million people, including 400,000 children and adolescents could be affected, according to the Government.

- Ecuador: Authorities believe 1.5 million people are at risk, about half of them children.

El Niño is a climate pattern linked to the warming of surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, which can have a profound effect on weather patterns around the world. El Niño events tend to happen every two to seven years.

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