Threats & Opportunities on today’s Net for children
2011-12-13
Child Safety online: Global challenges and strategies aims to provide a better understanding of the risks faced by young people online, and presents a framework for protecting them from the triple-headed dangers of child abuse images, online grooming and cyberbullying.
“The rapid growth of the online world has not created crimes involving sexual abuse and exploitation of children, but it has increased their scale and reach for potentially causing harm,” says UNICEF’s Director of the Office of Research, Gordon Alexander. “We need to recognise this, and take as many appropriate measures as possible, while still respecting the rights of children to explore the new environment and potential that the technology provides.”
Child Safety online: Global challenges and strategies stresses the enormous benefits of the Internet in terms of education, socialisation and entertainment, and the rights of children to access those advantages.
The research, conducted in partnership with the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP) in the UK, pinpoints four areas that need to come together to create a safer environment for children on the net: empowering children to protect themselves; removing the impunity of abusers; reducing the availability and access to harm; and support for the recovery of victims.
The first line of defence – empowering children – is fundamental to tackling the problem, not least because children are generally considerably more Internet-savvy than their parents and teachers, and have a different perceptions from adults of the risks they face.
Many children know how to block or firewall their sites, and it is friends who are the first ports of call when difficulties arise, rather than adults, who have less understanding of the fast-changing technology and may curtail online freedoms.
Mobile phones are overtaking personal computers as the favoured gateway for Internet access for children, illustrating the point. But the advancement in technology, with faster oadband and cheap webcams as well, also provides added opportunities for abusers.
The report notes that effective global legislation and enforcement are vital elements of protection, but at national level, implementation of laws has been slow in many countries, and where it has been enacted, it often lacks harmonisation, particularly in areas such as the definition of a “child”, and of pornography. Of 196 countries reviewed, only 45 have legislation sufficient to combat child abuse image offences. Removing abusers’ impunity should be another focus of attention; a challenge made harder by the borderless nature of the crimes.
![Childs View A man teaches computer skills to a girl at the Al Qattan Centre for the Child in Gaza City, in the Gaza Strip. The photograph was taken by Hedab Abu-Rass, 18, one of 19 participants in a UNICEF-organized child photography workshop. In August 2009 in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), UNICEF held photography workshops for children in both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The workshops overarching theme was child rights, part of global tributes to the 20th anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on 20 November of this year. In the Gaza Strip, the workshop was held in Gaza City with 19 young people, aged 12-19, at the Al Qattan Centre for the Child, a local UNICEF-assisted cultural and educational NGO. Guided by UNICEF photographer Giacomo Pirozzi, participants selected their own topics to photograph, including: examples of the local culture and industry; health and leisure activities; activities at the Al Qattan Centre; and the continuing impact of the December 2008-January 2009 Israeli military incursion into Gaza. The conflict killed 1,300 Gazans, including 350 children, and destroyed much of the infrastructure. Rebuilding has been severely constrained by an economic embargo, in effect since 2007, that blocks critical materials from entering the Strip and has left 80 per cent of its refugees dependent on food assistance from the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), the largest provider of humanitarian assistance in the territory.](/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/13-12-11_child_safety_online_2-225x300.jpg)
Legislation is, however, only one part of the answerand parents, teachers, social workers, the police and industry all have a role to play in supporting children’s endeavours to protect themselves, says the report. Industry also has a role to play in removing inappropriate material from servers and providing child-friendly hardware and software that enables offensive images to be blocked or filtered.